RED RAVEN

Real Name: Unrevealed

Identity/Class: Human technology user (World War I era to modern era)

Occupation: Ruler of the Avians/Bird-People;
    former adventurer

Group Membership: None;
    formerly Liberty Legion (Blue Diamond/Elton Morrow, Bucky/James Barnes, Jack Frost, Miss America/Madeline Joyce, the Patriot/Jeff Mace, Thin Man/Bruce Dickson, Whizzer/Bob Frank, Sr.)

Affiliations: The Angel (Thomas Halloway), Paul Anselm, Atlanteans, Roger Aubrey, the Avengers (Luke Cage, Captain America/Steve Rogers, Spider-Man/Peter Parker, Wasp/Janet Van Dyne), Bi-Beast, the Bird People (Brother Wren, Kestrus, King Aerivar XVIII, many others), the Black Marvel (Dan Lyons), Black Widow (Claire Voyant), the Blue Blade (Roy Chambers), Blue Diamond (Elton Morrow), Bucky (Fred Davis), Bucky (James Barnes), Captain America (William Nasland), Captain Terror (Dan Kane), Captain Wings facsimile, Captain Wonder (Jeff Jordan), Andreva Cazeneuve, Citizen V (John Watkins, Sr.), Citizen V (John Watkins III), the Defender (Don Stevens), Doctor Strange (Stephen Strange), Dyna-Mite facsimile, Dynamic Man, Electro (robot), the Fantastic Four (Human Torch/Johnny Storm, Invisible Woman/Susan Richards, Mister Fantastic/Reed Richards, Thing/Grimm), Father Time (Larry Scott), Fiery Mask (Jack Castle), Golden Girl (Gwenny-Lou Sabuki), Hellcat (Patsy Walker), the Howling Commandos (Izzy Cohen, "Dum-Dum" Dugan, Sgt. Nick Fury, Dino Manelli, "Reb" Ralston), Hulk (Bruce Banner), Human Top (David Mitchell), Human Torch ("Jim Hammond"), Hurricane (Makkari), Invaders (Blazing Skull/Mark Todd, Namor the Sub-Mariner/Namor McKenzie, Spitfire/Jacqueline Falsworth, Thin Man/Bruce Dickson, U.S. Agent/John Walker, Union Jack/Joseph Chapman), Jack Frost, Laughing Mask (Dennis Burton), Major Hayden, Marvex the Super-Robot, Master Mind Excello (Earl Everett), Miss America (Madeline Joyce), Miss Fury (Marla Drake), Mister E (Victor Jay), Nigel, Night Raven, Nighthawk (Kyle Richmond), Nia Noble, Peter Noble, Nova (Richard Rider), the Patriot (Jeff Mace), the Phantom Reporter (Dick Jones), Red Raven (Dania), Rockman, Prof. Franz Schneider, Toro (Thomas Raymond), Union Jack (Brian Falsworth), Valkyrie (Samantha Parrington), the Watcher (Uatu), Whizzer (Bob Frank, Sr.), the Witness, the Young Avenger (Bill Bryon)

Enemies: Agent Axis (Hiroyuki Kanegawa/Aldo Malvagio/Berthold Volker), the Assassin Nation, the Bloodraven Cult, Brain Drain (Werner Schmidt), Captain America (Sam Wilson), the Gold Leeches (Ratoga, Zeelmo, others), the Inhumans (Flint/Jaycen, Gorgon, Inferno/Dante Pertuz, Iso/Xiaoyi Chen, Medusa/Medusalith Amaquelin Boltagon, Naja, Triton, others), Iron Cross (Helmut Gruler), Lady Lotus, Lady Luftwaffe and Her Ferocious Flying Frauleins, Master Man (Wilhelm Lohmer), Merlin Demonspawn, Nazis (Gerhardt, Hans, Adolf Hitler, Karl, many others), the Red Skull (Johann Shmidt), Skyshark (Elias Schleigal), Slicer, U-Man (Meranno), Warrior Woman (Julia Koenig), Wayfinder

Known Relatives: Dania (Red Raven, daughter, deceased), unidentified mother (deceased), Aerivar XVIII (foster father, presumed deceased)

Aliases: "Bat-Wing Man," "Bird-Man," "Fly-Boy," "Fool," "Heir of Cheiros," "Raven," Red

Base of Operations: The Aerie/Sky Island;
    formerly the Times Building in New York City, New York, USA

First Appearance: Red Raven Comics I#1 (August, 1940)

Powers/Abilities: While the Red Raven does not possess any inherent superhuman powers, his years spent growing up in the evolved Bird-People society slightly enhanced his intellect, eyesight and physical attributes higher than those possessed by the average human being, granting him extraordinary (but not superhuman strength), at least sufficient to carry nearly 500lbs with one hand without losing his flight altitude (see comments) and the ability to see at further distances than the average human. He has also noted himself that, when given his wings, that he was also granted "vitality beyond imagination." Whether that statement means he was granted some sort of actual enhanced vitality remains to be seen, however.

    He is trained in hand-to-hand combat and is especially advanced at maneuvering in flight.

    Red Raven wears a costume composed of reinforced synthetic stretch fabric that is equipped with miniature anti-graviton-emitting mechanisms that are cybernetically attuned to his brain, allowing him to fly and land by activating and deactivating them via mental command. Later versions of this costume included larger artificial gravity generators within the gloves, allowing him to project a circular field of artificial gravity around any targets that would force the target at least to their knees if not completely to the ground. This later costume was also equipped with razor-sharp talons on the fingertips of his gloves and on the heel of his boot capable of rending the armor of his targets. All versions of his costume were equipped with artificial metal wings that are bulletproof and resistant to concussive force damage and intense heat. These wings direct and increase the propulsion from his anti-gravity emitters, allowing him to reach flight speeds of 140mph. The wings can also fire concussive energy beams from their tips strong enough to blast a thick metal door to bits.

    Red Raven has, on occasion, worn full body armor and used weapons such as maces or clubs in battle. As ruler of the Bird-People, he has access to their advanced Inhuman technology.

    Red Raven has been shown to slowly weaken when exposed to tear gas rather than just being immobilized and blinded by the stinging mist. This may be some sort of result of his decades spent living with the Bird-People rather than on Earth.

Height: 6'0"
Weight: 180 lbs.
Eyes: Blue
Hair: Red

History:
(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - The young boy who would become the Red Raven was born an American citizen.

(Red Raven Comics I#1 (fb)/X-Men I#44 (fb)/Sub-Mariner I#26 (fb) - BTS/Incredible Hulk II#169 (fb) - BTS/Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS/Thor I Annual#12/2/Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - While flying across the Pacific Ocean with his mother during the early 1920s, a young boy experienced the turbulence of the airplane hitting an air pressure pocket and became frightened. The plane, with the young boy and his mother still onboard, was ultimately catapulted onto the floating Aerie island in the sky, where it crashed, killing everyone onboard except for the boy. Crying out for his mother, the boy was taken by the Aerie's Inhuman Bird-People to the castle of their ruler, King Aerivar XVIII.

(X-Men I#44 (fb)) - With the orphaned boy in his arms, one of the Bird-People suggested the orphaned boy could be raised as one of the Bird-People and King Aerivar XVIII agreed, warning though that the Bird-People would be responsible for the boy's actions.

(Sub-Mariner I#26 (fb)/Incredible Hulk II#169 (fb) - BTS) - As a female Bird-Person held the young boy, King Aerivar XVIII noted that the boy being the lone survivor of the crash was an omen from the Sky-Gods, prompting another Bird-Person to suspect the boy might one day decide the destiny of the Bird-People.

(Red Raven Comics I#1/Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - When another of the Bird-People suggested the boy might grow up to destroy the Bird-People, King Aerivar decided to foster the orphaned boy himself.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - The boy was made a citizen of the flying island home of the Bird-People.

(Thor I Annual#12/2) - Shortly after, as the young boy lay in a crib, King Aerivar XVIII and two other Bird-People observed the boy and Aerivar noted that the child was a gift of fate, the first outsider to the Aerie in a millennia. As such, Aerivar proclaimed that the boy would continue living in the Aerie unharmed. He also noted that the boy would eventually come to wear a pair of artificial wings made from the bat-like wings of the ancient Bird-Person Cheiros. Aerivar then proclaimed the boy to be the Heir of Cheiros, destined to redeem the honor of the Bird-People after Cheiros himself was martyred generations earlier.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - As the child grew into a lanky young adult, he watched as all of the other winged children flew through the air and began to feel as if the Aerie was not his world.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - The young boy was educated within the Aerie educational system as a scholar and warrior.

(Red Raven Comics I#1) - The red-haired boy was raised to become strong and wise, learning the secrets of the Bird-People, and in 1940, on his twentieth birthday, he was brought before King Aerivar XVIII.

(Red Raven Comics I#1/Incredible Hulk II#169 (fb) - BTS/Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - Recognizing the boy's ascent to manhood, intelligence, physical prowess and bravery, King Aerivar dubbed the man Red Raven.

(Red Raven Comics I#1/Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Aerivar then presented Red Raven with a costume that included a set of artificial wings designed by the Bird People and proclaimed that Red Raven would return to Earth to devote himself to the eradication of the unhappy elements of Earth society.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - Wearing his new costume, Red Raven was held aloft as the artificial wings were attached to the back of the costume. Feeling as if he had been granted great powers and made to be like one of the Bird-People, Red Raven found himself still feeling alone, as some of the female Bird-People still talked about him behind his back.

(Red Raven Comics I#1/Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - Agreeing to abide by the King's wishes to return to Earth to eradicate its unhappy elements, Red Raven announced his plans to do just that, albeit outwardly seeming unhappy that he would have to depart the flying island.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - Secretly dreaming of escaping the Aerie, where he felt like an outcast in paradise, Red Raven decided not to let the tragedy of his life defeat him and he walked nervously to the edge of a cliff and stepped off to test his new artificial wings. Quickly learning how to use them, Red Raven smiled and took the air almost immediately, feeling as if his world finally made sense and he had finally gained clarity as to his own existence.


(Red Raven Comics I#1 (fb) - BTS) - Red Raven dedicated himself to the defense and preservation of society on Earth.

(Red Raven Comics I#1) - Arriving on Earth in August 1940, the Red Raven learned from a newspaper about the appalling poverty conditions, disease, shattered hopes and how America's gold supply was dwindling. Determined to solve the problems, Red Raven decided to get a job in an effort to further probe into the horrible conditions and, as he was waiting in line to be seen about the job, a man tried to push Red Raven from the line. Immediately fighting back, Red Raven punched the man and the entire crowd soon ganged up on the Red Raven, who held his own until a tear gas bomb hurled by police dispersed the crowd. The Red Raven yelled for the fleeing men to return, unaware that Zeelmo, leader of the Gold Leeches, had observed his actions via his Gazegrapho machine and determined that the Red Raven would make a useful hoodlum for the Gold Leeches. Eventually, the tear gas severely affected Red Raven and when he became weak, the police arrested him, but before he could be led away in a police patrol wagon, Zeelmo's men appeared and absconded with the still-weak Red Raven.

    Brought before Zeelmo, Red Raven was ordered to serve the gold-obsessed Zeelmo but Red Raven refused, hurling gold coins into Zeelmo's face. Zeelmo retaliated by opening a trap door beneath Red Raven, causing the hero to fall into Zeelmo's dungeons, where Zeelmo claimed Red Raven would age one hundred years in the span of an hour. He then tossed a female hostage, Andreva Cazeneuve, into the dungeons as well. Red Raven saved Andreva from her fall and as Zeelmo activated the "aging gas" projectors, Red Raven revealed his heroic identity to the woman. Flying up to the trap door, Red Raven at first proved unable to force the door open but shortly after he began aging due to the gas, he succeeded in opening the trap door. Flying high above the criminals, Red Raven battled the Gold Leeches as Zeelmo attempted to escape. Snatching up the escaping Zeelmo, Red Raven hurled him into the dungeons then lit a torch, intending for Zeelmo's castle to explode once the flammable aging gas hit the fire. Red Raven then made a quick exit from the castle with Andreva in his arms and Zeelmo's castle subsequently exploded when the gas hit the torch as predicted. After watching Zeelmo's stolen gold rain down on the city, Red Raven got Andreva safely to ground level before saying his goodbyes, noting that there were more of Zeelmo's henchmen in need of apprehension. As Andreva informed reporters about the Red Raven, Raven flew back to his flying island to report his actions to King Aerivar XVIII. Aerivar agreed that Zeelmo's henchmen must be apprehended and the Bird People's royal scientist soon designed an Element Detector capable of tracking gold and thereby, Zeelmo's henchmen.

    When the Element Detector proved unable to find the Gold Leeches, Red Raven visited a newspaper to brag about the Element Detector in an effort to have the papers print a story about the device to lure the Gold Leeches out of hiding. Simply waiting for the Gold Leeches, Red Raven was soon confronted by them when they arrived to destroy the Element Detector. Easily defeating the Gold Leeches, Red Raven flew one of them high into the sky and threatened to drop him unless he was led to the Gold Leeches' stronghold. Witnessing the event from afar using the Gazegrapho device, Zeelmo's successor Ratoga opted to stop Red Raven using a net trap. After disposing of the captured Gold Leech by hanging him from the side of a cliff, Red Raven flew right into Ratoga's trap and was soon knocked out and tossed into the Vibrato-Machine, which was to toss Red Raven around until all of his bones were broken. Regaining consciousness just as the Vibrato-Machine started, Red Raven used his wings to hover in mid-air to keep from being tossed around by the machine. When the Gold Leeches opened the Vibrato-Machine an hour later, they found the hero seemingly dead and departed the room, leaving the very much alive Red Raven to escape. A short time later, Red Raven confronted the Gold Leeches, destroying Ratoga's Futurescope device and retrieving his Element Detector. Red Raven then turned up the Element Detector, causing it to not only track gold but pull it towards the device like a magnet. Burying the criminals in a large amount of attracted gold, Red Raven turned up the device further and flew into the air, leaving behind a trail of red gas from the Element Detector that led police to the Gold Leeches. Andreva later listened to a radio reporter announcing Red Raven's successful war on crime and poverty.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven kept his true identity a secret.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - At some point in his early days as an Earth superhero, Red Raven apprehended two thieves attempting to rob the First Federal Bank.

(The Marvels Project#8 - BTS) - As the vigilante Angel was out on patrol in New York City, he thought about recent heroes such as Red Raven and many others and how they seemed to signal the start of an era of marvels talked about by his aged patient, Matt Hawk.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - In one of the Red Raven's early adventures, he rescued a bound woman from large, energy-wielding robots. At one point, he also battled some reanimated Egyptian skeletons and later worked alongside fellow heroes Namor the Sub-Mariner, the android Human Torch, and new heroes Captain America and Bucky in 1941.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Little was known of the Red Raven's subsequent early adventures.

(Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - The Red Raven subsequently attempted to live a normal life without using his artificial wings.

(Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - When Adolf Hitler came to power and war broke out, Red Raven felt his didn't have the right to shirk his responsibilities and renewed his crimefighting activities, roaming the United States using his artificial wings.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven was allowed to continue operating within the United States with special permission from the US government.

(History of the Marvel Universe II#2) - Red Raven became a valued defender of the American home front alongside other patriotically motivated heroes such as the Vision, the Thin Man, Blue Diamond and Jack Frost.

(Marvel Premiere I#29 (fb) - BTS) - At some point, the FBI gathered together a file on the Red Raven that noted their theories as to the Red Raven's origin. After Red Raven refused to discuss his story with FBI agents, the FBI file suggested that agents attempt to contact Red Raven as soon as possible, as the Red Raven would make a valuable potential agent.

(Marvel Premiere I#29) - In January 1942, after the heroic Invaders were captured and hypnotized by the Red Skull, Captain America's young crimefighting partner Bucky went to the airwaves with the help of the hero Patriot in an effort to gather allies to free the Invaders and the Patriot, looking over FBI files, wished they could reach the Red Raven.

(Marvel Premiere I#29/Invaders I#6 (fb)) - At that same time, Red Raven was pursuing a darkened plane above Pennsylvania and he soon landed onto the outside of the plane.

(Marvel Premiere I#29) - When he knocked on the plane with his wings, the Nazi agents inside opened the door, realizing he was an American superhero and figuring they could handle a single man. Red Raven quickly flew inside to investigate the darkened plane but the Nazis inside feigned innocence and even surrender before their agent Hans approached from behind and knocked Red Raven out with the butt of his gun. Before Hans could kill Red Raven, however, the heroic Thin Man, who had been secretly watching the events from his Stratoplane, appeared on the scene and ordered the Nazis to land their plane. Soon boarding the plane himself, the Thin Man easily avoided the Nazis by stretching and slid himself beneath a door to find the bound but now conscious Red Raven. Admitting that he needed rescuing due to his own carelessness, Red Raven thanked the Thin Man for the save and further admitted that he was still relatively new at spy-smashing. Red Raven then used his energy-blasting wingtips to blast open the locked metal door keeping his captive and he flew out to confront his captors. As the Thin Man and Red Raven made quick work of the Nazi agents, Red Raven learned that the Thin Man had lived in an alien civilization and he shared his own experiences being raised by a tribe of Bird-People. The two then discussed why neither had heard of one another until the Thin Man received a message from his ladyfriend Olalla informing him of Bucky's radio mayday message for heroic assistance. The Thin Man then invited Red Raven to accompany him to New York to answer Bucky's call. Red Raven and the Thin Man subsequently arrived at the New York radio station housing Bucky and the Patriot alongside other heroes who received the radio call to arms including the Blue Diamond, Miss America and the Whizzer. As a thankful Bucky began to explain how the heroes were needed to rescue the hypnotized Invaders, Red Raven introduced himself and started to explain that the heroes understood the seriousness of the mission before he was interrupted by a Nazi spy attacking the Whizzer. After the Nazi spy was defeated by the arriving Jack Frost, Bucky informed Red Raven and the other heroes of their mission: to fight the Red Skull's forces on the home front until the Skull sent the hypnotized Invaders to stop them, at which point the heroes would try to capture the Invaders themselves.

(Marvel Premiere I#29/Invaders I#35 (fb)) - The Red Raven and the other assembled heroes agreed that Bucky's mission was worth a shot and they officially banded together as the Liberty Legion.

(Invaders I#6) - The Red Raven attended a radio press conference held by the Liberty Legion to introduce themselves to the public and announce their plans to stop the Red Skull. In the days that followed, the Red Raven joined the Liberty Legion in smashing up a spy ring, stopping a Nazi submarine and busting up a Nazi bund. Eventually, the Legion drew the attention of the Red Skull as predicted and the Red Raven was present when the Red Skull announced his intent to send the hypnotized Invaders to three American landmarks to retaliate for the setbacks suffered due to the Liberty Legion. Traveling to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the Red Raven and Whizzer confronted the Human Torch and Toro, battling them to protect the Lincoln Memorial while trying to capture one of the Invaders. During the battle, Red Raven generated wind with his wings and combined it with a whirlwind created by the Whizzer to snuff out the flame of Toro and capture him. Red Raven then allowed the Human Torch to escape, reminding the Whizzer that he knew his limits, then reported back to Bucky and the Thin Man that the Torch was heading towards New York City and confirming their capture of Toro.

(Marvel Premiere I#30) - After doing some legwork for the Liberty Legion, Red Raven returned to their radio station headquarters in time to hear the Red Skull broadcast a challenge to the Liberty Legion to battle against the remaining Invaders in Yankee Stadium. Ready to encounter the Invaders and attempt to free them of their mind control, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion arrived at Yankee Stadium the following day to battle the still-hypnotized Invaders.

(Marvel Premiere I#30/Invaders I#35 (fb)/Saga of the Original Human Torch I#2 (fb)) - During the fight, Red Raven teamed up with Jack Frost against the Human Torch, helping to keep the Torch off-guard while Jack Frost froze the brainwashed hero.

(Marvel Premiere I#30) - After the captured Toro was purposely freed by Bucky and Toro flew towards his "master," the Red Skull, causing an explosion of the Skull's Hydrogen-filled zeppelin, Red Raven, the Liberty Legion and the restored Invaders helped prevent the zeppelin debris from harming any bystanders. Once everyone was safe, the Liberty Legion greeted the Invaders, who opted to continue the fight in Europe while Red Raven and the Liberty Legion fought on the home front.

(Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1) - Weeks later, the Nazi Skyshark attacked New York City and the Liberty Legion were summoned to the scene. Red Raven quickly took to the skies carrying the Blue Diamond and Jack Frost and, once over the planes, the Raven dropped his teammates so they could attack the Skyshark's planes. As his teammates downed some of the planes, Red Raven himself flew at another plane, slicing its wing off with his own metallic wings before swinging back around and snatching up the falling Blue Diamond and Jack Frost. He then flew back to the Times Building to regroup with his Liberty Legion teammates, where he was introduced to the time-traveling modern era hero, the Thing. After hearing the Thing's time-travel story, Red Raven and the rest of the Liberty Legion departed to check on some American secret weapons being developed upstate.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#160/4) - As the Liberty Legion were leaving and preparing to split up to check on the secret weapon development areas, a temporal portal created by the modern era criminal Dr. Yesterday opened and while Red Raven, Patriot and Miss America failed to notice the portal, the modern era heroine Turbo glimpsed the departing Liberty Legion and thought to herself how she had no idea what they were about.

(Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1) - While Miss America, Whizzer and the Blue Diamond checked one location, battling the Nazi Master Man in the process, Red Raven and Jack Frost checked another location where an experimental jet engine was being developed. Landing to investigate, Red Raven and Jack Frost were quickly confronted by the Atlantean U-Man, who easily knocked aside the two heroes. Red Raven retaliated, using his metal wings to knock U-Man down in turn, only to be surprised when U-Man got back up.

(Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1/Marvel Two-in-One I#20 (fb)) - U-Man then downed Red Raven with a piece of hurled rubble and absconded with the prototype jet engine.

(Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1) - Freezing the lake to prevent U-Man's contact with water, Jack Frost proved too distracted by the welfare of Red Raven to freeze up a nearby drain and U-Man ultimately escaped into the drain with the engine. Admitting it was not their best outing, Red Raven and Jack Frost quickly departed the scene, leaving an angry U.S. Army Major Hayden behind as they hoped their teammates were having better luck.

(Marvel Two-in-One I#20) - After the Thing was drawn to a secret Nazi base hidden in the clouds while battling Brain Drain, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion made their way there by following the time-traveling alien Watcher in time to rescue the Thing from Master Man, U-Man, Skyshark and Brain Drain. Flying into the fray with Jack Frost holding fast to his legs, Red Raven got Jack close enough to project an ice sheet across the ground to stumble U-Man. After U-Man was downed by the Blue Diamond, Red Raven suggested they focus their attention on Master Man, not noticing the escaping Skyshark. When the Whizzer spun Master Man around into a dizzy stupor, Red Raven slapped Master Man aside with his metallic wings. Following Brain Drain and Skyshark's escape, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion returned to their New York City headquarters, where they bid goodbye to the Thing, who had acquired the half a canister of Vibranium he had traveled to 1942 to retrieve.

(The Marvels II#6 (fb)) - At some point, Red Raven was among the many heroes who battled the villainous Lady Lotus.

(Invaders I#35 (fb)) - During a meeting of the Liberty Legion, the Legion discussed whether they should share their dual identities with the government and when the Legion asked Red Raven his real name, the Raven joked that he would share his identity when he learned it, further remarking that the Bird-People had never given him an ID. The Patriot interjected, noting they could get back to the discussion once they held an election for Legion leader, as he was tired of being leader just because the others likened him to Captain America, and the Red Raven jokingly asked if the Patriot had come to that conclusion on his own. Ultimately, the Legion decided to table the discussion over their dual identities and an election for new leader until they could comply with an FBI request to investigate the loyalty of certain German-Americans in the area.

(Invaders I#35 (fb)/Invaders I#37 (fb)) - Later, after Miss America was downed by the German Iron Cross, Red Raven and the rest of the Liberty Legion tracked Miss America's communicator to the Iron Cross' location to confront him. Red Raven ordered Iron Cross and his allies to surrender and release the unconscious Miss America.

(Invaders I#37 (fb)) - When the Germans did not comply, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion approached closer and one of the Nazis fired on them, Red Raven narrowly avoiding the gunfire by taking to the air.

(Invaders I#35 (fb)/Invaders I#37 (fb)) - He then flew towards the Iron Cross as the other Legionnaires charged at their armored foe.

(Invaders I#35 (fb)) - Red Raven received an uppercut from Iron Cross, knocking him out as the Whizzer ran for aid.

(Invaders I#36) - Red Raven and the other Liberty Legion geared up for a second attack on the Iron Cross, who released gas from the palm of his hand that knocked them all out. Iron Cross then had the downed Liberty Legionnaires placed in a covered truck bound for New York City. Eventually, Iron Cross returned to his submarine base with the captive Liberty Legion members and tried to use them as leverage to force the equally captured Prof. Franz Schneider to upgrade his armor. The Whizzer and his recruited allies, the Invaders, soon tracked Miss America's communicator signal to Iron Cross' submarine and during the subsequent battle between Namor the Sub-Mariner and the Iron Cross, the gas mechanism keeping the Liberty Legion sedated was damaged. Red Raven and the Liberty Legion quickly freed themselves and began battling the Nazis inside the submarine. As the fight progressed, the submarine was punctured and water began flooding into the vessel as the Liberty Legion continued fighting. Iron Cross soon escaped the sinking submarine with the captive Prof. Schneider and Red Raven and the Liberty Legion were left behind to die in the submarine.

(Invaders I#37) - Red Raven remained aboard the sinking submarine as the Liberty Legion took down the remaining Nazis aboard. Namor soon rescued the sub and, after Jack Frost created a sizable ice sheet to float the damaged sub, Red Raven, the Liberty Legion and Namor discussed what to do next. Angry at the Iron Cross, Namor flew off to pursue the armored German but the Patriot protested and both Red Raven and Miss America flew after the angry Atlantean in an attempt to convince him not to go after the Iron Cross alone. Deciding to accompany Namor since Prof. Schneider's life was at stake, Red Raven and Miss America were soon joined by the Invaders' Human Torch. Upon catching up to the Iron Cross, Red Raven flew ahead of his allies and punched Iron Cross, who proved unfazed by the attack due to his armor. Iron Cross then hit Red Raven with an electrical blast. Miss America quickly became distracted at the thought that Iron Cross had killed Red Raven and Iron Cross hurled the unconscious Red Raven into Miss America. While the Whizzer ran on a Jack Frost-created ice bridge to rescue Miss America, Red Raven hit the waters below, his artificial wings keeping him afloat and the shock waking him from unconsciousness. As the dazed Red Raven regained his senses, he failed to notice a shadow rising up from the water and soon after the Iron Cross was defeated by the Human Torch, Red Raven regrouped with the rest of the Liberty Legion. The assembled heroes then decided to depart the scene, leaving the Nazis for the proper authorities, and they all crammed into Namor's flagship. The two groups then flew off, Red Raven apologizing to the Human Torch for accidentally jabbing him with his wing in the cramped flagship, all unaware that the U-Man had surfaced in their wake.

(Invaders I#38) - Red Raven attended a meeting of the Liberty Legion in the Times Building and when the Whizzer arrived seconds later with an announcement, Red Raven replied that the Legion was listening. He then watched as the Whizzer announced his plans to take a temporary leave of absence from the Liberty Legion to assist the Invaders and Miss America opted to join him.

(All-New Invaders I#13 (fb)) - Red Raven and the Liberty Legion teamed up with the heroic Hurricane against a giant soldier wolfman.

(Invaders II#1 - BTS) - On June 22, 1942, Red Raven accompanied several of the Liberty Legion to a mission in Miami while the Thin Man stayed behind at their headquarters on monitor duty and Miss America and the Whizzer went out on a date (see comments).

(Captain America: Patriot#1) - After taking down a group of saboteurs before the end of June, Red Raven accompanied the Legion on a variety of missions including one against Lady Luftwaffe and Her Ferocious, Flying Frauleins and another in which a plot to put Adolf Hitler's face on Mt. Rushmore was foiled. He later assisted against the Assassin Nation organization and reluctantly joined the Liberty Legion at their subsequent press conference. Afterwards, the Patriot discussed with some of his Legion teammates how he was just a regular guy and didn't come from a lost civilization like Red Raven or go to college like Whizzer.

(Avengers/Invaders I#12) - Red Raven was one of the numerous heroes and facsimiles of heroes summoned by Cosmic Cube-wielding soldier Paul Anselm in the winter of 1943 to aid in defeating the Red Skull. With the Skull defeated, Red Raven and the other summoned heroes witnessed a time-traveling modern era Captain America (Steve Rogers) use the Cosmic Cube to restore reality to normal, diverging a Red Skull-conquered reality to Earth-93198. As reality righted itself, Red Raven and the other summoned heroes were transported back from whence they came (see comments).

(Dragon#104 - "Sudden Dawn: A Marvel Super Heroes Module") - In May 1944, Red Raven and the other Liberty Legion members gathered at the Krupp Building as their teammate Patriot wrapped up one of his weekly broadcasts about the war effort. As the broadcast ended and the group discussing their upcoming plans for the week, a sound engineer broke in to inform the Legion of a disturbance outside in the street. Finding a group of thugs exchanging gunfire with police and the heroic Spirit of '76 outside Rosenstein's Fine Jewels, the Liberty Legion engaged the gunmen, unaware they were nothing more than a distraction while the Nazi Agent Axis attempted to rob the Globe Press building, which was being used as part of a government secret weapons project. As the battle progressed, an experimental Nazi flame-tank erupted from the Overton Storage warehouse to cover Agent Axis' entrance into the Globe Press building and while the Legion was busy handling the tank, Agent Axis managed to steal several notebooks from the Globe Press building. When Agent Axis attempted to escape with the notebooks, however, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion captured and interrogated the criminal. While Agent Axis refused to talk, Red Raven and the Thin Man were able to discern that the notebooks stolen by Agent Axis involved the splitting of the atom. A short time later, the Liberty Legion was contacted by the US Army and sworn to secrecy as they were informed on the secret government project going on at the Globe Press building. Revealing that British agents had learned of the assault on the Globe Press building but were unable to send the Spirit of '76 back to America in time to warn authorities of the attack, the Army officers asked the Liberty Legion and the Spirit of '76 to help defend two other potential Nazi target sites.

    Tasked first with defending the University of Chicago's Stagg Football Field, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion traveled there and shortly after darkness fell, the group witnessed the arrival of the Nazi super-agents Warrior Woman and Master Man in an experimental VTOL craft. When the duo attempted to break into a secret complex beneath Stagg Field, the Liberty Legion engaged the two, eventually overwhelming and knocking them unconscious. Following their defeat, the military arrived and placed the entire area under a security net, informing the Liberty Legion of their next potential target: the Barcley Research Center near a New York river. Arriving two hours before dawn, the Liberty Legion waited for an impending attack, finding nothing but the center's stray dog mascot for hours. As the sun began to rise, the Legion noticed a German U-boat approach the center from the river and shortly after, the Atlantean U-Man and several Nazi sailors emerged from the sub in an attempt to break into the center and gather documents on America's supposed secret weapon. U-Man immediately attacked the heroes and, following a brief battle, the Legion captured U-Man, who admitted his mission had been tasked him  by the vampire Baron Blood. Shortly after, a US Army general informed the Liberty Legion that the attack on the Barcley Research Center was a feint while another attack on the New Jersey coast had resulted in key scientist Dr. Horatio Martin and an experimental prototype bomb being captured.

    Given two days to rest, Red Raven and the other Liberty Legionnaires later participated in a special radio broadcast featuring a conversation with their ally, the Spirit of '76, that was jammed by a broadcast from Baron Blood, who announced he had taken over the top story of the Empire State Hotel in downtown Manhattan. When Baron Blood threatened to detonate the stolen prototype bomb within twenty-four hours unless America withdrew forces from Britain and Africa, the Liberty Legion rushed to the Empire State Hotel to find it swarming with spectators. Led to a military command post by a colonel, the Liberty Legion were informed of the President's refusal to negotiate with Baron Blood and were tasked with disarming the bomb and bringing Baron Blood and his agents to justice. Rushing to the top floor of the Empire State Hotel after dark, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion found the kidnapped Dr. Horatio Martin under Baron Blood's hypnotic control, putting the finishing touches on the prototype bomb. After the Legion freed Dr. Martin and he disarmed the bomb, Baron Blood escaped and the Liberty Legion were pressured by the military to keep the entire incident under wraps for reasons of national security. A news blackout was soon imposed, preventing the heroes from discussing their prevention of the first nuclear ransom. Following the mission, the Spirit of '76 returned to his fighting in Europe while Red Raven and the Liberty Legion were given a few days to rest before a big war bond rally at Yankee Stadium.

(The Twelve: Spearhead#1) - On April 11, 1945, Red Raven was seen flying above an Allied military camp in Berlin as the Phantom Reporter arrived on the scene to see several heroes helping prepare for an impending invasion.

(The Twelve I#1) - Red Raven and the rest of the Liberty Legion accompanied numerous Allied superheroes in a massive attack on Berlin on April 25, 1945.

(Sub-Mariner: Marvels Snapshots#1 (fb) - BTS) - During the attack on Berlin, a photo was taken of Red Raven and the other heroes storming Germany and it was used on the front page of a Daily Globe newspaper published later that same day accompanying an article written by Betty Dean.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - A short time later, Red Raven and the Liberty Legion battled Master Man, with Red Raven landed a devastating punch to Master Man's face. Following another mission in which he helped saved the world, Red Raven and Namor the Sub-Mariner celebrated with a group of Allied soldiers, wielding the American and Russian flags. Not long after, however, Red Raven began to miss his home at the Aerie.

(Marvel Atlas I#2 - The Aerie (Sky Island) entry - BTS) - At some point, a 1939 photo of the Red Raven's floating island (presumably among other items) was donated to a library in West Caldwell, New Jersey by the Red Raven himself and the collection of items was dubbed the Red Raven Collection. Subsequently, the library itself was named the Red Raven Library, presumably due to its housing of the Red Raven Collection.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven remained a member of the Liberty Legion until the group disbanded in mid-1945.

(Sub-Mariner: Marvels Snapshots#1 - BTS) - By Spring 1946, a copy of the Daily Globe newspaper featuring the article about Red Raven and the other heroes invading Berlin was framed and hanging on the wall at Betty Dean's home.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Having witnessed humanity's inhumanity towards one another during World War II, the already-homesick Red Raven eventually became embittered towards the human race and he left Earth to return to the Bird-People.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - As he approached the Aerie to return home, a young Bird-Woman named Vera flew up to meet him and the two embraced, making Red Raven feel as if he could finally have a life.

(Sub-Mariner I#26 (fb)) - Over time living with the Bird-People, Red Raven's artificial wings proved more than a match for the Bird People's natural wings.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - Deciding he wanted to live a small but full life, Red Raven began seeing more of Vera and he soon became renowned among the Bird-People, befriending many and sharing stories with them.

(Marvel Super Heroes III#8/2 (fb) - BTS) - At some point, Red Raven fathered a daughter, Dania. Videos were made of the Red Raven showing his life and they were placed within the Bird-People's computers.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - Red Raven enjoyed watching his daughter learn to walk alongside Vera and both Raven and Vera enjoyed growing older together.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - By 1953, Red Raven had cut his ties to the surface world so much that he did not attend the funeral of his former ally Union Jack (Brian Falsworth) alongside his former Liberty Legion teammates.

(X-Men I#44 (fb)) - After the Bird-People grew to hate the Earthlings below them and sought to destroy them, the Red Raven made an announcement that he was one of the "accursed" Earthlings the Bird-People sought to destroy. He then announced his plan to convince the Bird-People to leave the Earthlings alone in peace. When the citizens' council turned down Red Raven's attempts to convince them to spare Earth, Red Raven went to King Aerivar XVIII himself, who also refused to hear Red Raven, suggesting Red Raven was merely staying loyal to his blood rather than those who reared him.

(Sub-Mariner I#26 (fb)) - Red Raven reiterated his knowledge of the Bird People's planned conquering of Earth and warned that there were too many Earthlings and too few Bird-People for such an action but King Aerivar argued that it was Red Raven's human blood speaking, warning Red Raven to be silent or incur the wrath of the Bird-People's ruler.

(X-Men I#44 (fb)) - Red Raven again tried to argue that the Bird-People were outnumbered by the humans, who would crush the Bird-People's invading parties, but Aerivar again refused Red Raven's claims and ordered him away.

(X-Men I#44 (fb)/Sub-Mariner I#26 (fb)/Incredible Hulk II#169 (fb) - BTS) - Shortly after, as the Bird-People prepared for their invasion of Earth, Red Raven became desperate to stop the Earth invasion and he used gas against the Bird-People population, knocking them unconscious and placing them in suspended animation. He then cut off the military complex from their floating island and dropped it into Earth's oceans, where the Bird-People were to rest in suspended animation for twenty years until they would be automatically awoken.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven also forced his daughter Dania into suspended animation alongside the other Bird-People.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven left the monstrous Bi-Beast to watch over the remaining Aerie.

(Defenders II#6 (fb) - BTS) - As Red Raven placed himself in suspended animation, a robot construct of him was created to stand in the true Red Raven's stead to watch over the sleeping Bird-People within the hidden, separated military complex in the oceans.

(Agents of Atlas I#3 (fb) - BTS) - When the United States President was kidnapped in 1959, FBI Agent Jimmy Woo reviewed FBI files on all superheroes who might be available to assist, including the file on Red Raven.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - By the modern era decades later, the Red Raven's heroic career had been virtually forgotten by the general populace of Earth.

(Sub-Mariner I#26 - BTS) - Namor the Sub-Mariner recalled the Red Raven as a man of legend.

(Incredible Hulk II#169 - BTS) - When the Hulk first encountered the flying island's Bi-Beast, the Bi-Beast informed the Hulk's alter-ego, Dr. Bruce Banner, of the story of Red Raven's origins among the Bird-People and his turning against the Bird-People's warrior class.

(Marvel Super Heroes III#8/2 (fb) - BTS) - Having grown to young adulthood in suspended animation, Red Raven's daughter Dania revived early and, thinking herself the only survivor of the Bird-People, spent her time viewing the Bird-People's computerized videos of her father, whom she assumed to be dead. Unaware that Namor had witnessed the destruction of the Red Raven robot and not her actual father, Dania blamed Namor for the seeming death of her father despite knowing Namor was not truly to blame and spent years monitoring Namor and planning revenge.

(Marvel Super Heroes III#8/2 - BTS) - After Dania attacked Namor during an encounter with the alchemist Diablo and introduced herself as the new Red Raven, Namor recognized that Dania had her father's eyes and agreed to hear her out, feeling as if he owed her father that much. Dania and Namor ultimately teamed up against Diablo and Dania attacked Diablo, refusing to let the villain desecrate the memory of her supposedly deceased father. Inspired by Dania's comments about her father, Diablo alchemically reanimated the inert form of the Red Raven robot (as well as the other sleeping Bird-People) and sent him after Dania, who assumed her own father had been turned against her in death. As the fight progressed, Dania realized what she already knew to be true, that Namor was not responsible for her father's seeming death and that Namor was actually a greater man in reality than her father was in her own memory. Namor soon impaled the reanimated Red Raven construct, apologizing and announcing that the Red Raven he knew would sooner have died than harm his daughter.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Dania apparently discovered her sleeping father and revived the true Red Raven from suspended animation.

(Defenders II#6 (fb) - BTS) - Diablo's reanimation of the sleeping Bird-People started the true revival of the Bird-People from their state of suspended animation and during the process, the true Red Raven helped fully revive the Bird-People and worked with them to create a new Aerie for the revived people to dwell.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - In addition to the revived Bird-People, the Red Raven apparently gathered other surviving Bird-People from across the planet in the new Aerie.

(Nova III#7 (fb) - BTS) - The Bird-People used the Red Raven construct's previous destruction to mask the revival of the true Red Raven and the rest of the surviving Bird-People, hoping to remain hidden from the surface world.

(Nova III#4 (fb) - BTS) - Eventually, Red Raven became the ruler of the remaining Bird-People in the new Aerie.

(Defenders II#6 (fb) - BTS) - When a sect of the Bird-People formed the Bloodraven Cult and sought to wage war with the surface world, Red Raven outlawed them and the Bloodraven Cult temple was destroyed.

(Captain Marvel IV#16 (fb) - BTS) - Red Raven was unknowingly affected by the villainous sorcerer Merlin Demonspawn, who altered Red Raven's mind to slowly drive him insane.

(Nova III#4) - After the Bird-Person Brother Wren tracked the rogue Bird-People scientist Condor to Earth, he reported back to Red Raven that Condor was in Earth custody, having used stolen Bird-People technology for less than honorable purposes. Admitting that the Bird-People had spent years hiding from the normal humans on the ground level and even faked their own destruction when they had been discovered in the modern era, Red Raven proclaimed that humanity had polluted the Bird-People's skies and threatened their existence long enough and claimed that even the peaceful Bird-People had limits on what they could endure. Announcing that Condor would be brought to Bird-People justice alongside those who wished to destroy their world, Red Raven exclaimed that he would see those responsible brought to their knees personally.

(Nova III#5) - As several of the Bird-People discussed how to handle the situation with Condor, they looked towards Red Raven for answers, given that he once lived among humanity. Again proclaiming that the ground level humans had long polluted their skies and jeopardized their existence, Red Raven remarked that Condor's capture had forced the Bird-People to make humanity change their ways.

(Nova III#7) - Red Raven led an attack on the prison holding Condor in an attempt to bring Condor to Bird-People justice. Drawing the attention of the heroic Nova, Red Raven was confronted by the hero, who claimed Red Raven was dead. The erratic Red Raven explained that his death was a hoax to allow the Bird-People to go back into hiding and refused to acknowledge Earth's laws since Earth appeared not to care about threatening the Bird-People's own existence with their pollution. He then hit Nova with a mace and when Nova noticed the floating Aerie island in the sky, he at first thought the worst but Red Raven assured Nova that they had technology to accomplish their goals without bloodshed. Proclaiming that the Bird-People had invaded not only to bring Condor to justice but also to rid the planet of those who would harm it, Red Raven was knocked aside by Nova, who attempted to calm Red Raven and get him to use his technology to help solve the pollution problem without violence. Given pause, Red Raven realized his haste in attacking the surface world and ordered the Bird-People to depart, thanking Nova for giving him something to think about and noting that perhaps, if more people like Nova existed on the surface world, that an answer to the Bird-People's problems could be found. As he flew away, Red Raven suggested that retribution against the Condor could wait for another day.

(Captain Marvel IV#16 (fb) - BTS) - Red Raven traced the source of his recent madness to Merlin Demonspawn.

(Captain Marvel IV#16) - Donning a suit of red armor, Red Raven attacked Merlin Demonspawn at his headquarters at the Los Angeles comic book store known as Comic Book Castle. Angry that Red Raven had smashed the window of his sanctum, Merlin Demonspawn mystically transformed Red Raven into a bird. As Merlin Demonspawn claimed Red Raven's armor, the bird Red Raven flew away and into the path of an ongoing diesel truck. Subsequently found with a broken wing by Marlo Chandler-Jones, who worried the bird had been killed by the truck, Red Raven began breathing again when Marlo picked him up and he was taken to Marlo's comic book store office and placed in a cage to be nursed back to health. When Marlo had to leave for an audition and joked that she better not hear a peep from the bird, Red Raven hung his head down, which Marlo took as criticism of her joke.

(Captain Marvel IV#20) - Red Raven remained in Marlo's cage as Marlo attempted to help Rick Jones eat. When Jones threw a tantrum at being stuck in an aged, one-armed form, he knocked some of the cereal into Red Raven's cage, hitting him in the head. When Marlo later received a flyer about some big event at Comic Book Castle, she decided to attend to scope out her comic shop's competition but Red Raven flew into a panic, flapping his wings wildly in an attempt to get Marlo's attention. Unfortunately, Marlo didn't take Red Raven's actions as a warning and merely asked Red what was the worst that could happen by attending the event.

(Captain Marvel IV#21) - Sensing that Merlin Demonspawn's plan was coming to fruition at Comic Book Castle and determined to save Marlo any way he could, Red Raven swung his cage back and forth until the rope holding it up snapped and the cage crashed to the ground, freeing Red. Rushing immediately towards the window, Red Raven smacked into the closed window, knocking himself out and falling to the ground. Upon Merlin Demonspawn's defeat, his spell over Red Raven was broken and the restored Red Raven, using copies of the Giant-Size Man-Thing comic book to cover himself, made his way to the Comic Book Castle without being spotted by police. Arriving just as Marlo Chandler was discussing Merlin's defeat with Allan Koholik, who had assisted in Merlin's defeat using Red Raven's stolen armor, Red Raven requested his armor back.

(Defenders II#6 (fb) - BTS) - At some point, the Bi-Beast informed Red Raven of his earlier encounters with the Hulk, noting that he was single-mindedly destructive.

(Defenders II#6) - When the Defenders were transported to the Aerie and Hulk immediately leaped into battle against the Bi-Beast, Red Raven, his daughter Dania and several other Bird-People appeared and ordered the battle ceased. Red Raven quickly ordered the Bi-Beast to stand down and Dr. Strange restrained the Hulk. Strange and Red Raven exchanged greetings before Red Raven demanded they leave. Strange attempted to explain that the Defenders were cursed to appear at the scenes of Earthly peril but an uncaring Red Raven threatened the Defenders with facing the entire Bird-People army if they did not depart. Strange again tried to explain that he could not as long as a threat to Earth existed and when Defenders Nighthawk, Hellcat and Valkyrie also appeared on the Aerie, Red Raven asked if they was any end to the Defenders' disrespect of sovereign boundaries. Strange assured Red Raven those were the last of their teammates but Red Raven nonetheless refused to allow the Defenders access to the Aerie to find the threat that had summoned them there. Namor quickly accused the Red Raven of being as bull-headed as ever and threatened to defeat him once more if the Raven continued to keep Namor from saving his Atlantean people from danger. Red Raven responded that Namor had never defeated him during World War II and explained how Namor had previously defeated a Red Raven construct that was once guarding the sleeping Bird-People. Further explaining how the Bird-People had created the new Aerie the Defenders now stood on and how they wished to remain hidden from the surface world, Red Raven reluctantly agreed to help find the threat that had summoned the Defenders there in an effort to be rid of them.

    The Red Raven then ordered the Bird-People to search the Aerie for any potential threats but Dr. Strange and Namor both warned that any threat that had summoned the Defenders there was not to be taken lightly. Red Raven responded by stating that the Defenders either take the Bird-People's assistance as ordered or face the Bird-People as enemies. When Dr. Strange released the seeming calmed Hulk, only to be punched in the face by the behemoth, a surprised Red Raven noted that the Hulk was ever bit as single-mindedly destructive as the Bi-Beast had once told him. Eventually, the Hulk was calmed by Valkyrie and Red Raven took Dr. Strange to receive medical attention. After Strange's condition was confirmed as a mild concussion, Red Raven gruffly stated that Strange would live and that the Bird-People would find the supposed threat so the Defenders could leave. Strange's recovery was soon interrupted by the injured Dania, who weakly entered the room mumbling about Bloodravens before collapsing. Knowing they had been discovered, the Bloodraven Cult of Bird-People subsequently attacked Red Raven and the Defenders to keep them from disarming a mystical bomb they had set.

(Defenders II#7) - Red Raven and the Defenders stood in surprise as the Bloodraven Cult's bomb went off, opening a portal that threatened to unleash the extradimensional Wayfinder. The assembled heroes then helped hold off the Bloodraven Cult while Dr. Strange attempted to close the portal. As the battle progressed, Red Raven steered the entire Aerie island into the emerging Wayfinder, forcing it back through the mystical portal. Strange managed to seal the rift to the Aerie, ensuring that as long as the Aerie remained, the portal would stayed sealed, and buying him time to study on a way to permanently seal the portal.

(The Order I#2) - Weeks later, now corrupted by the sorcerer Yandroth into the Order, four former Defenders returned to the Aerie, intent on using it as their new base, and an angry Red Raven met them. Proclaiming that the Bird-People had waited unconscionably long for aid promised by the Defenders, Red Raven demanded the Order do what they came for swiftly and begone, at which point the Hulk revealed they had come for their own personal interests. Red Raven responded by announcing they would defend the Aerie to their deaths and a large battle erupted during which Red Raven was uppercutted by Namor. All of the Bird-People, Red Raven included, were quickly defeated by Dr. Strange, who cast a sleep spell on the Bird-People. Encasing Red Raven and the Bird-People in rectangular, coffin-like mystic storage casings, Dr. Strange cast them safely aside as the Order prepared to take control of the Aerie.

(The Order I#6) - After Yandroth reappeared and absorbed the fighting energy from a battle between the Order and many of Earth's heroes, the Order realized they had been manipulated by Yandroth's curse and refused to fight further, effectively defeating Yandroth. Dr. Strange immediately cast a spell that would mystically restore the Aerie to its previous glory and wake Red Raven and the other Bird-People from their mystic slumber. Almost as soon as he emerged from his mystic sleep, the angry Red Raven demanded to know what would happen to the Order, as they had invaded the Aerie, imprisoned the Bird-People and attacked the world. Hellcat responded by suggesting Red Raven ease up, as the Defenders' transition into the Order was not their fault and they did restore everything to normal.

(New Invaders I#2 - BTS) - When the Thin Man met with the original android Human Torch to discuss his new Invaders group, he falsely claimed to have allied with several heroes, including Red Raven and the Bird-People, showing video footage of the various heroes in an attempt to entice the Torch into joining.

(New Invaders I#8 (fb) - BTS) - After it was revealed that the Thin Man had told the new Invaders only half-truths while recruiting allies in his cause for justice, the android Human Torch spoke with Red Raven and many others the Thin Man had claimed to be working with to confirm the Thin Man's claims.

(New Invaders I#8 - BTS) - Confronting the Thin Man alongside Captain America, Namor and Spitfire, the Human Torch revealed how he had spoken to Red Raven and others and he accused the Thin Man of leading the new Invaders on a foundation of lies.

(New Invaders I#9) - Following the destruction of the android Human Torch while attempting to save the new Invaders and its programmed member Tara, Red Raven attended the Torch's funeral in Dymhurst, U.K.

(Marvel Atlas I#2 - The Aerie (Sky Island) entry - BTS) - At some point, a road in the Aerie was named in honor of the Red Raven.

(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 - Red Raven entry - BTS) - Red Raven became a citizen of an unidentified European nation.

(Inhuman Special#1 (fb)) - When the Earth-based Inhumans released the Terrigen Bomb to awaken those with latent Inhumans genes, the Terrigen drifted into the atmosphere, where the Bird-People of the Aerie were exposed to the raw Terrigen after centuries of perfect stabilized evolution and Red Raven witnessed the Bird-People transform into horrible winged creatures. Not truly one of the Bird-People himself, Red Raven watched in horror as the Terrigen mutated his lover Vera and she seemingly died in his arms as other Bird-People were left either dead or permanently transformed.

(Amazing Spider-Man III Special#1 (fb) - BTS) - Red Raven blamed Medusa and the Inhumans for the destruction of the Bird-People and ordered an attack on the Inhumans' New Attilan.

(Amazing Spider-Man III Special#1) - After the Aerie was positioned above New York City and Bird-People were sent to attack New Attilan, Spider-Man and several Inhumans teleported onto the Aerie to confront the guilty party, prompting Red Raven to reveal his presence and suggest Inhuman Queen Medusa look in the mirror. Vaguely ranting about how the Inhumans had taken a woman named Vera from him and destroyed the Aerie, Red Raven announced that the Inhumans would pay before trapping the Inhumans in anti-gravity fields then dropping both the younger Inhumans and Spider-Man from the Aerie. As the heroes fell from the floating island, Red Raven ranted that he would take those the Inhumans cared about and bury New Attilan in the sea.

(Inhuman Special#1) - As Medusa and Gorgon were forced to the ground, Red Raven suggested Medusa not struggle, as the Bird-People knew what they were doing when they designed the anti-gravity fields. When he remarked the Bird-People perhaps didn't matter to Medusa since they had been exiled, Medusa reminded Red Raven that the Inhumans had already respected the sovereignty of the Bird-People and that New Attilan had done nothing to the Aerie. Wholeheartedly disagreeing, Red Raven recounted his life story of feeling an outcast but finally finding peace with Vera but Medusa grew tired of Raven's stories and choked him with her hair, demanding to know why he attacked New Attilan. A surprised Red Raven managed to choke out that the Inhumans had destroyed everything with their Terrigen Bomb. After he related how the Inhumans' Terrigen Bomb had killed or horribly disfigured all of the Bird-People but himself, surprising the unknowing Medusa, Red Raven fought back against Medusa. Admitting that it was her husband Black Bolt that had unleashed the Terrigen Bomb and that she was determined to find out why herself, Medusa endured Red Raven's attacks before rising up and assuring Red Raven that she would find a way to help the Bird-People. Expressing his disbelief that Medusa could do anything to help, the frantic Red Raven activated the Aerie's anti-gravity generators and prepared to use it to destroy New Attilan.

(All-New Captain America Special#1) - Red Raven levitated above Medusa accusingly as the mutated Bird-People attacked her. Spider-Man, the young Inhumans and the newly-arrived Captain America (Sam Wilson) then appeared on the scene and Red Raven managed to remark that Wilson wasn't Captain America before being hit by Cap's shield. Noting that he had fought in the war with the real Captain America, Red Raven became enraged when Wilson replied that Captain America had never mentioned him. Their fight was soon interrupted when Spider-Man picked up Captain America's shield and hurled it in between the two and during the distraction, Captain America took the fight into the air. Red Raven followed suit and managed to slash Captain America but Cap managed to summon nearby birds to attack Red Raven and the Bird-People. While the birds tore at Red Raven, Captain America used the commotion to smash Red Raven with his shield, sending him flying back down into the Aerie. Captain America soon sensed the pain of the Bird-People due to his mental connection to birds and realized that the mutated Vera was still among the Bird-People, at which point Red Raven muttered that she didn't even know who he was anymore. Sensing Vera's emotions and thoughts, Captain America assured Red Raven that Vera was not truly gone as Red Raven had assumed and that Vera would not want Raven to take things any further. Refusing to back down and feeling it was too late to fix the Bird-People, Red Raven prepared to continue with his mission to destroy New Attilan but the Inhuman Inferno blasted Red Raven from behind with fire. The Inhuman Naja attacked next but Red Raven flung her into Spider-Man by her tail and flew off towards the anti-gravity generator.

    Spider-Man and Captain America followed and reminded the Red Raven of his time with Vera and his time as a hero. Sadly muttering how he just wanted Vera back, Red Raven reluctantly turned the anti-gravity generator away from populated areas in hopes the heroes could find a way to help the Bird-People. However, when Red Raven turned off the generator, the entire anti-gravity system went offline and the Aerie began to fall towards New York City. After the heroes managed to angle the fall into the river, Red Raven was taken to a hospital in New Attilan for his injuries and Medusa visited him to assure him that the Inhuman scientists would do everything in their power to stabilize the Bird-People. Medusa also proclaimed that the Bird-People would be allowed to reunite with the rest of the Inhumans before ushering in another visitor: Steve Rogers. Feeling ashamed of his actions, a tearful Red Raven tried to hide his face from Rogers but Rogers reminded Raven that he had done the right thing in the end and that he was still a hero in his eyes. Smiling, the bruised Red Raven joked that the new Captain America sure packed a punch, at which point Rogers replied in agreement. Red Raven then asked Rogers if he ever worried about the world they were leaving behind and Rogers replied that it was in good hands.

(The Marvels II#6 - BTS) - As Lady Lotus thought back on her origins, she recounted all of the heroes she fought during World War II, including Red Raven.

Comments: Created by Martin Bursten, Jack Kirby and Louis Cazeneuve.

    The modern OHotMU entry on Red Raven states that the Red Raven cut off the military complex of the Bird People sometime when his daughter Dania was still an infant, which would be sometime after 1953. However, in the flashback to these events in X-Men I#44, it is stated that Red Raven is twenty-one. He was twenty when he first came to Earth in 1940 so if he was truly only twenty-one, then the events in the X-Men I#44 flashback would have occurred in 1941, not sometime after 1953...Given that he did not join the Liberty Legion until 1942, when he would have been twenty-two, it seems as if Red Raven being twenty-one at the time he cut off the Bird-People's military complex from the rest of the Bird-People was an error and he was actually older. He first OHotMU profile in the 1980s confirms that those events occur after his time with the Liberty Legion so that is further proof that Red Raven was likely not twenty-one at the time he separated the military complex from the rest of the Bird-People. His modern OHotMU entry that states the events occurred after the birth of his daughter Dania (i.e. sometime after 1953) seems to make more sense.

    In Marvel Premiere I#29, which is set in January 1942, Red Raven makes a reference to Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca, noting a quote from Bogart that he heard "the other day." However, I'm seeing information that Casablanca did not even release until November 1942 and even then, only in select theaters. It did not get a nationwide release until January 1943. One might normally consider this reference topical but Marvel's World War II (and afterwards, up until the modern era) doesn't fall into the sliding timescale (at least usually) so either the reference was an error on writer Roy Thomas' part, referencing a movie that had not yet released, or the movie simply released earlier in the year on Earth-616 than it did in real life.

    Red Raven's eyes were erroneously listed as being black in his original and Deluxe Edition OHotMU entries. His Master Edition OHotMU entry (& subsequently OHotMU entries) correctly confirm his eye color as blue. Red Raven's eyes were incorrectly colored brown in Nova III#4 (his hair color was also incorrectly colored dark brown instead of his usual red). Additionally, his eyes were most recently colored red in Amazing Spider-Man III Special#1, Inhuman Special#1 & All-New Captain America Special#1.

    Red Raven's strength level has often been noted as being that of a normal human, as Red Raven, for all intents and purposes, was a normal human with artificial wings, but he is seen carrying the nearly 500lb. Blue Diamond with one hand while flying in some of his Invaders appearances. I don't know of any normal human being that can not only list 500lbs with one hand but also carry that much while in the air, not being dragged down by the weight. This would suggest that the Red Raven has, at the very least, enhanced human strength, if not a low degree of superhuman strength.

    The Marvel Chronology Project lists the appearance of Red Raven and the Liberty Legion in the time-travel sequence in Marvel Comics Presents I#160/4 as occurring during the events of Invaders I#38 but the Liberty Legion are barely in Invaders I#38 except for a brief flashback to the Whizzer taking a leave of absence from the team with Miss America to temporarily join the Invaders. The flashback was actually confirmed by the Marvel Appendix's own Jeff Christiansen, who won the contest identifying where each of those time travel jaunts into the past occurred in Marvel history, identifying the events as occurring during Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1 rather than Invaders I#38. As such, I've placed Marvel Comics Presents I#160/4 as occurring during Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1.

    Despite some online sources mentioning that the Red Raven appeared in Citizen V & the V-Battalion: The Everlasting#1, I could find no evidence of him in that issue and his modern OHotMU entry in OHotMU A to Z HC Vol. 9 confirms that Red Raven was not present in the flashback to Brian Falsworth's funeral in that issue.

    Due to an art error, the Red Raven appears faceless on the cover of Marvel Atlas I#2 (see above image with Black Panther in it).

    In winter 1943, the Red Skull used a Cosmic Cube to conquer Earth. However, Captain America subsequently used the Cosmic Cube to to restore Earth-616 to normal, diverging the Red Skull-conquered world into Earth-93198. During the reality restoration, soldier Paul Anselm used the Cosmic Cube to summon numerous Allied superheroes to battle the Skull in Avengers/Invaders I#12, one of which was the Red Raven. I personally don't believe the heroes/facsimiles summoned by Anselm were native to the divergent Earth-93198 reality (since they had all been killed in that divergent reality) but rather, heroes/facsimiles summoned from the unaltered, non-divergent Earth-616. Basically, on Earth-616 (restored to normal by a Cosmic Cube-wielding Captain America-616), history played out with the heroes being present to defeat the Skull whereas on the divergent Earth-93198, the Skull succeeded in conquering the world and many of the Golden Age heroes were killed. As such, I've included a mention of Avengers/Invaders I#12 in Red Raven's history with a note to see this particular comment for a better explanation of what had happened.

    Invaders II#1 makes no mention of Red Raven specifically but the Thin Man does say that the rest of the Liberty Legion were out handling business in Miami. We later see Whizzer and Miss America on a date so that would leave only Red Raven, the Patriot, Blue Diamond and Jack Frost to handle the business in Miami. The Marvel Chronology Project lists Red Raven as being behind the scenes in Invaders II#1 and I see no reason why he couldn't have been with the Liberty Legion in Miami even if he wasn't actually mentioned by name as being present. As such, I included the appearance in his History above.

    Some of the flashbacks to Red Raven's history in Inhuman Special#1 show Red Raven's artificial wings grafted onto his body at the shoulders but every other story (and even some of the other flashbacks in that same issue) show the wings being a part of his costume. As such, I'm tending to lean towards the flashbacks that show the wings grafted onto his body as being artistic interpretation or error...the flashbacks (as told by Red Raven) mention that he was granted "vitality and powers beyond imagination." I mean, sure, the wings could be considered by him to be "powers beyond imagination" but I'm not sure where the "vitality" part comes in. He had never before or since been shown to have any sort of superhuman vitality or slowed aging or anything like that. He is around now, having not aged much since being active during World War II, because he spent decades in a suspended animation chamber like most of the Bird-People, not because of any known superhuman powers.

    Depending on the artist, Red Raven's wings are either bat-like or bird-like. According to his origin story, they should be bat-like. Speaking of his wings, they were mistakenly colored white in History of the Marvel Universe II#2 (see above image in the History section).

   This profile was completed on 06/24/2024 but its publication was delayed, as it was intended for the Appendix's 25th anniversary celebratory event.

Profile by Proto-Man.

CLARIFICATIONS:
Red Raven should be distinguished from:

• Red Raven (Redford Raven) of the Old West - former agent of the Iron Mask circa 1870, given magic wings by an elderly Navajo prisoner, enemy of Rawhide Kid--Rawhide Kid I#38
• Red Raven (Dania) - this Red Raven's daughter, successor of his mantle--Marvel Super Heroes III#8
• or any other "Red" or "Raven" characters
  

Appearances:
Red Raven Comics I#1 (August, 1940) - "The Red Raven" story - Martin Bursten (writer), Jack Kirby (pencils), Louis Cazeneuve (inks), Joe Simon (editor)
X-Men I#44 (May, 1968) - "Red Raven, Red Raven" story - Gary Friedrich (writer), Don Heck (layouts), Werner Roth (pencils), John Tartaglione (inks), Stan Lee (editor)
Sub-Mariner I#26 (June, 1970) - Roy Thomas (writer), Sal Buscema (pencils), Joe Gaudioso (inks), Stan Lee (editor)
Incredible Hulk II#169 (November, 1973) - Steve Englehart (writer), Herb Trimpe (pencils), Jack Abel (inks), Roy Thomas (editor)
Marvel Premiere I#29 (April, 1976) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Don Heck (pencils), Vince Colletta (inks)
Invaders I#6 (May, 1976) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Frank Robbins (pencils), Vince Colletta (inks)
Marvel Premiere I#30 (June, 1976) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Don Heck (pencils), Vince Colletta (inks)
Marvel Two-in-One I Annual#1 (June, 1976) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Sal Buscema (pencils), Sam Grainger, John Tartaglione, George Roussos (inks)
Marvel Two-in-One I#20 (October, 1976) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Sal Buscema (pencils), Sam Grainger (embellishes)
Invaders I#35 (December, 1978) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Alan Kupperberg, Don Heck (pencils), Rick Hoberg (embellishes)
Invaders I#36 (January, 1979) - Roy Thomas (writer, editor), Alan Kupperberg, Chic Stone (art)
Invaders I#37 (February, 1979) - Don Glut (writer), Alan Kupperberg, Rick Hoberg (pencils), Chic Stone (inks), Roy Thomas (editor)
Invaders I#38 (March, 1979) - Don Glut (writer), Alan Kupperberg, Don Heck (pencils), Chic Stone (inks), Roy Thomas (editor, concept)
Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#14 (March, 1984) - Mark Gruenwald (writer, editor, designer, researcher), Peter Sanderson, Robert Harras, Mark Lerer, Steven Grant, David A. Lofvers (writers, researchers), John Romita, Sr. (Red Raven entry pencils), Josef Rubinstein (inks)
Thor I Annual#12 (1984) - "Island in the Sky!" story - Peter B. Gillis (writer), Rich Howell, Sam de la Rosa (art), Mark Gruenwald (editor)
Dragon#104 (December, 1985) - "Sudden Dawn: A Marvel Super Heroes Module" story - William Tracy (designer), Denis Beauvais, Jeff Busch, Bob Walters, Jim Roslof, Roger Raupp, Timothy Truman, Marvel Bullpen, David Trampier, Richard Tomasic, Joseph Pillsbury, Larry Elmore (contributing art), Patrick Lucien Price, Roger Moore (editors)
Saga of the Original Human Torch I#2 (May, 1990) - Roy Thomas (writer), Rich Buckler (pencils), Danny Bulanadi (inks), Ralph Macchio (editor)
Marvel Super-Heroes III#8 (January, 1992) - "Leftovers" story - Scott Lobdell (writer), Chris Wozniak, Lopez (pencils), Jeff Albrecht (inks), Mike Rockwitz (editor)
Invaders II#1 (May, 1993) - Roy Thomas (writer), Dave Hoover (pencils), Brian Garvey (inks), Mike Rockwitz (editor)
Marvel Comics Presents I#160 (Early August, 1994) - "Smells Like Teen Spirit, Part 2 of 5: Memories Aren't What They  Used to Be" story - Fabian Nicieza (writer), Robert Walker (pencils), Scott Koblish (inks), Richard Ashford (editor)
Nova III#4 (August, 1999) - Erik Larsen (writer), Joe Bennett (pencils), Armando Durruthy (inks), Ruben Diaz (editor)
Nova III#5 (September, 1999) - Erik Larsen (writer, inks), Coy Turnbull (pencils), Al Milgrom (inks), Ruben Diaz (editor)
Nova III#7 (November, 1999) - Erik Larsen (writer), Joe Bennett (pencils), Alpuente, Al Milgrom (inks), Ruben Diaz (editor)
Captain Marvel IV#16 (April, 2001) - Peter David (writer), ChrisCross (pencils), Anibal Rodriguez (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Captain Marvel IV#20 (August, 2001) - Peter David (writer), ChrisCross (pencils), Anibal Rodriguez (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Defenders II#6 (August, 2001) - Kurt "Ugly-Man" Busiek (writer), Erik "Funny-Head" Larsen (writer, art), Al "Big-Ears" Gordon (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Captain Marvel IV#21 (September, 2001) - Peter David (writer), ChrisCross (pencils), Anibal Rodriguez (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Defenders II#7 (September, 2001) - Kurt Busiek (writer), Erik Larsen (writer, art), Sal Buscema (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
The Order I#2 (May, 2002) - Jo Duffy, Kurt Busiek (writers), Chris Batista (pencils), Dan Panosian (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
The Order I#6 (September, 2002) - Jo Duffy, Kurt Busiek (writers), Matt Haley, Dan Panosian (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
New Invaders I#2 (November, 2004) - Allan Jacobsen (writer), C.P. Smith (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Golden Age 2004 (2004) - Ronald Byrd, Michael Hoskin (writers), Louis Cazeneuve (Red Raven entry art), Pondscum (art reconstruction), Jeff Youngquist (editor)
New Invaders I#8 (May, 2005) - Allan Jacobsen (writer), C.P. Smith (art), Andy Schmidt (editor)
New Invaders I#9 (June, 2005) - Allan Jacobsen (writer), C.P. Smith (art), Andy Schmidt (editor)
Agents of Atlas I#3 (December, 2006) - Jeff Parker (writer), Leonard Kirk (pencils), Kris Justice (inks), Mark Paniccia (editor)
The Twelve I#1 (March, 2008) - J. Michael Straczynski (writer), Chris Weston (pencils), Garry Leach (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Marvel Atlas I#2 (May, 2008) - Michael Hoskin (head writer, coordinator), Anthony Flamini, Stuart Vandal, Eric J. Moreels (writers), Eliot R. Brown (cartographer), Jeff Youngquist, John Denning (editors)
Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 9 (2009) - Jeff Christiansen, Stuart Vandal, Sean McQuaid (head writers, coordinators), Mike Fichera (coordination assistant, writer, art refurbishment), Madison Carter (coordination assistant, writer), Michael Hoskin, Ronald Byrd, Eric J. Moreels, Mike O'Sullivan, Gabriel Shechter, Rob London, Markus Raymond, Jacob Rougemont, Andrew Golentz, Rich Green, Jeph York, Mark O'English, Al Sjoerdsma, Chad Anderson, Anthony Flamini (writers), David Wiltfong, Chris Biggs (writers, art refurbishment), Jonathan Couper-Smartt, Bill Lentz, Barry Reese, David Sexton (past writers), Erik Larsen (Red Raven entry art), Jason Lewis, Courtney Via, Gally Articola, Sean Ellery, Tony Marcotte, Matthew Frank, J. Christopher Schmidt (art refurbishment), Pond Scum, Nelson Ribeiro (art reconstruction), Jeff Youngquist, Jennifer Grunwald (editors)
Avengers/Invaders I#12 (August, 2009) - Alex Ross (plot), Jim Krueger (plot, script), Steve Sadowski, Jack Herbert (art), Stephen Wacker (editor)
The Twelve: Spearhead#1 (May, 2010) - Chris Weston (writer, pencils, inks), Gary Erskine (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
The Marvels Project#8 (July, 2010) - Ed Brubaker (writer), Steve Epting (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Captain America: Patriot#1 (November, 2010) - Karl Kesel (writer), Mitch Breitweiser (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
All-New Invaders I#13 (February, 2015) - James Robinson (writer), Steve Pugh (art), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Amazing Spider-Man III Special#1 (May, 2015) - Jeff Loveness (writer), Luca Pizzari (art), Nick Lowe (editor)
Inhuman Special#1 (June, 2015) - Jeff Loveness (writer), Ryan Lee (art), Nick Lowe (editor)
All-New Captain America Special#1 (July, 2015) - Jeff Loveness (writer), Alec Morgan (art), Nick Lowe (editor)
History of the Marvel Universe II#2 (October, 2019) - Mark Waid (writer), Javier Rodriguez (pencils, colors), Alvaro Lopez (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Sub-Mariner: Marvels Snapshots#1 (May, 2020) - Alan Brennert (writer), Jerry Ordway (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)
The Marvels II#6 (February, 2022) - Kurt Busiek (writer), Yildiray Cinar (art), Tom Brevoort (editor)

First posted: 09/05/2026
Last updated: 06/24/2024

Any Additions/Corrections? please let me know.

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