JIANGSHI

Classification: Supernaturally altered humans

Location/Base of Operations: Originated in China, but potentially can be found everywhere else on Earth

Known Members: Billy;
temporarily Tsin Hark, Shang-Chi

Affiliations: Fu Manchu, Mara, Sister Hammer (Zheng Shi-Hua), the Structure (Tutor, etc.)

Enemies: Aisyi, Black Cat (Felicia Hardy), Detective Li, Five Weapons Society (Brother Sabre/Takeshi, Shang-Chi, Sister Dagger/Zheng Esme), Ghost Rider (Dan Ketch/Noble Kale), Iron Fist (Danny Rand), Masters of Silence (Kaminari/Kiyoshi Kurata, Kaze/Meredith McCall, Inazuma/Arashi Wakayama), Midnight Mission (Hunter's Moon/Dr. Yehya Badr, Moon Knight/Marc Spector, Soldier, Tigra/Greer Nelson, Reese Williams), MI-6 (Leiko Wu, others), Spider-Man (Ben Reilly), W.A.N.D. (Pandora Peters, Wong, Doktor Zee, others)

Aliases: Geong Si, Gynosii (see comments)

First Appearance: (Gynosii) Marvel Comics Presents I#139/3 (October, 1993); (Geong Si) ClanDestine II#2 (March, 2008); (Jiangshi) Immortal Iron Fists#4 (November, 2017)

Powers/Abilities: Jiangshi were undead creatures from China and the surrounding areas that were kept alive by spirit energy and unavenged grievances.

   They have a tendency to fall under the control of other beings through technological or mystical means.

   The traditional Jiangshi have almost chalk-white skin, claws and fangs like a vampires. Despite their vampiric features they actually feed on the life force of other beings and not blood. Injuries caused by their claws or fangs could infect another being and turn them into a Jiangshi. The same goes for their blood somehow entering another person's bloodstream. They were highly durable and could take several bullets without taking damage.

   They can apparently shapeshift into bat-like semi-humanoid creatures or mindless monsters with superhuman strength and enhanced durability.

   They are weak against many mystic weapons and the best way to stop a Jiangshi was using an amulet paper written in chicken's blood by Taoist exorcist. They could easily be distracted with small objects like rice, which they could not resist counting.

History:
(Shang-Chi I#2 (fb)) - The young siblings Shang-Chi and Shi-Hua entered a laboratory their father had explicitly forbidden them to enter and found it filled with Jiangshi that had been experimented on. One of them awakened when Shang touched him and the childrens' screams alterted their father Zheng Zu (Fu Manchu), who punished them for disobeying him.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#139/3 (fb) - BTS) - Before they became Gynosii under the command of Tsin Hark they were his human victims, whose blood he used to fill his Pool of Blood. He didn't want their bloodless bodies go to waste and turned them into mindless Gynosii.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#139/3) - He sent them against the Masters of Silence when they entered his home. The Gynosii were too many for them to fight.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#140/3) - The Masters of Silence freed Ghost Rider from his binding spell and he helped them destroy the Gynosii.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#141/3) - Hark himself became a Gynosii after he took a sip from the Pool of Blood. He was more powerful than his former victims and didn't lose his intelligence like the other Gynosii. He easily picked up Ghost Rider by the throat.

(Marvel Comics Presents I#142/3) - Ghost Rider and Tsin Hark fought until Hark's evil blood was spilled into the Pool of Blood by several punches to the face by Ghost Rider. The Pool got corrupted and Hark was reverted to his weak, human form.

(Immortal Iron Fists#4) - Iron Fist and the demon hunter Aisyi fought a group of Jiangshi until a hundred of them merged into a giant bat demon. Iron Fist's friend Detective Li ran through the demon with his car and it broke apart again, leaving behind the tenth exponential scrolls that would awaken the demon Mara.

(Shang-Chi I#2) - Shi-Hua had her father's experiments of Jiangshi continued to gain control over the undead. She poisoned her brother Shang-Chi and had him placed in a lab filled with Jiangshi where two of her scientists placed a control chip on his forehead, but he somehow survived the poison. The scientists released the Jiangshi against Shang-Chi and he did pretty well against them until one of them used his detached hand as a throwing weapon and cut open Shang-Chi's side. Shang's blood began to sparkle and he nearly lost consciousness, but his siblings Sister Dagger and Brother Sabre saved him.

(Shang-Chi I#3) - The injury to Shang-Chi caused by the Jiangshi's hand became crusty and white scab like Jiangshi skin.

   At the Louvre Museum Sister Hammer released a Jiangshi to find an urn. She then ordered the Jiangshi to blow itself up, causing the distraction she needed to escape from Shang-Chi, Sister Dagger and Brother Sabre. Shang-Chi blocked the blast and received more Jiangshi wounds.

(Shang-Chi I#4) - MI-6 agents attacked the House of the Deadly Staff outside London and got killed and turned into Jiangshi under Sister Hammer's control due to control chips on their foreheads.

   Meanwhile Shang-Chi asked the spirit of uncle Zheng Yi to heal his Jiangshi wounds because he believed Shi-Hua was raising an army of Jiangshi and he needed his full strength to stop her. Zheng Yi told him not to abandon his wound yet because they were caused by a Jiangshi belonging to his sister Shi-Hua because they would lead him to what he truly needed to stop her.

(Shang-Chi I#5) - Sister Hammer attacked London with her Jiangshi army and was opposed by Leiko Wu and other agents of MI-6, but the vampires literally chewed their way through them while more and more were turned. Shang-Chi, Sister Dagger, Brother Sabre and a contingent of Five Weapons Society warriors arrived in London and were warned by Master Ling that the Jiangshi were animated by spirit energy and an unavenged grievance. They joined the fight against Sister Hammer's growing Jiangshi army and used paper amulets written in chicken's blood by a Taoist exorcist to take them many of them down. During the fight Shang-Chi's transformation into a Jiangshi advanced so far that he began to hear Sister Hammer's command to destroy the city. He fell under her control and she placed a control chip on his forehead and ordered him to take out Sister Dagger and Brother Sabre, but Shang-Chi resisted and instead entered Sister Hammer's mind through the psychic connection they now had. He found out that Sister Hammer had kept the Jiangshi under her control by using her own grievance against her father from back in the day when she sent to Russia and never was good enough for him. He made her realize that Zheng Zu was always just a damaged old man and Sister Hammer lost her connection to her father and the control over the Jiangshi, who all just collapsed without her orders.

(Death of Doctor Strange: Spider-Man#1) - Spider-Man and Black Cat dealt with a Jiangshi attack in Chinatown as part of a list of task given to them by Wong after Doctor Strange's death.

(Moon Knight IX#17) - A delegation of Jiangshi attended a meeting of the vampiric organization known as the Structure at a ballroom. The listened to the Tutor's presentation until it was interrupted by Moon Knight and Tigra dropping the assassins Nemean and Grand Mal, who had been hired by the Tutor to kill Moon Knight, through the skylight.

(Moon Knight IX#18) - Soldier hacked the sprinkler system of the ballroom and activated it while Reese served as his lookout. Moon Knight then used his position as a priest of Khonshu to desecrate the water and burn the vampires in the room. Hunter's Moon and Tigra dealt with the familiars of the vampires.

(Doctor Strange VI#4 (fb) - BTS) - Hong Kong's Jiangshi broke the blood seal that kept them underground and became a threat to the people of the surface.

(Doctor Strange VI#4) - W.A.N.D. confronted Billy's group of Jiangshi in Hong Kong and Pandora wanted to know how they broke the blood seal. Billy wouldn't reveal it, but Doktor Zee quickly trapped his group of Jiangshi in a circle of LMDs. Billy then blamed W.A.N.D.'s Pandora Peters for forcing them to come to the surface because of the assassinations and destabilization in the supernatural community, but Peters had no clue what he was talking about. He wouldn't elaborate any further until the person asking him revealed that he was Wong. Billy became defensive and revealed that someone had been tracking down and killing magical bad guys.

Comments: Adapted by Len Kaminski, Reggie Jones and Fred Harper.

The Chinese Vampires:

   The Jiangshi is the Chinese version of the vampire. In Chinese belief, each person has two souls, a superior or rational soul and an inferior or irrational soul. The inferior soul was called p'ai or p'o and was that which inhabited the body of a fetus during pregnancy and often lingered in the bodies of the dead. It was thought to preserve the corpse. If the p'ai was strong enough, it could preserve and inhabit a corpse for a length of time, using the body to serve its needs. The body animated by the p'ai was called a Jiangshi.

   Usually Jiangshi were created after a particularly violent death, such as a suicide, hanging, drowning, or smothering. It could also be a result of an improper burial, as it was thought that the dead would become restless if their burial was postponed after their death. The Jiangshi were not known to rise from the grave, so their transformation had to take place prior to burial.

   Jiangshi were nocturnal creatures and had difficulties crossing running water. It was said that they were particularly vicious and ripped the head or limbs off their victims. After a period of growing stronger, Jiangshi would gain the ability to fly, grow long white hair, and possibly change into wolves.

   People protected themselves from Jiangshi by using garlic or salt. They were also driven away with loud noises, and it was thought that thunder could kill them. Brooms were used to sweep the creature back to its resting spot, while iron filings, rice, and red peas were used as barriers. If a Jiangshi reached its flying, white-haired stage, it could only be killed by a bullet or thunder. Its body must then be cremated.

   "Gyonshee", a word based on jiangshi, is used in some obscure games and trading card games as a term for creatures that combined the characteristics of Chinese and "Western" vampires.

Other names used:
Chiang-Shih, Ch'ing Shih, Gyonshi, Kiang Shi, Xiang Shi, Xi Xie Gui
Western inability to translate Chinese letters into our Latin letter format seems to make it hard to get one name for Chinese characters or is this because
there are so many Chinese dialects.

Adam Destine's narration in Clandestine II#2 explicitly states that the "Geong Si" who attacked three Destines in the winter of 1374 were "not the creatures of legend" but were real abominations, "mindless, soulless shells animated by the will of another." In this case, that other was a renegade Inhuman named Tral who possessed vast telepathic and telekinetic abilities.
--Donald Campbell

(ClanDestine II#2 (fb) - BTS) - Adam Destine had heard of Geong Si on previous visits to China, but believed the stories to be mere superstition.

(ClanDestine II#2) - <Winter 1374> On the Tibetan plateau near the Yangtze River a group of Geong Si came under the control of the Inhuman Tral and attacked Adam, Albert and Thaddeus Destine, who were on their way to the Shalu Monastery in Shigatse. Adam and Thaddeus fought against them while the pacifist Albert was the first to notice Tral nearby. Thaddeus went after Tral, but was blasted off a cliff by the Inhuman and fell to his death. Enraged by his brother's death Albert used his healing powers to destroy Tral's mind and take down the attacking Geong Si along with him.

The Gynosii from Marvel Comics Presents originally had a sub-profile published in 09/19/2004.

Profile by Markus Raymond.

CLARIFICATIONS:
The Jiangshi have no known connections to:


images:
Shang-Chi I#2, p17-18, pan1 (main)
ClanDestine II#2, p1 (Geong Si vs ClanDestine)
Marvel Comics Presents I#139, p4, pan5 (Gynosii)
Immortal Iron Fists#4, p22, pan2 (Jiangshi)
Death of Doctor Strange: Spider-Man#1, p16-17, pan2 (vs Black Cat and Spider-Man)
Doctor Strange VI#4, p9, pan2 (Hong Kong Jiangshi, head shots)
Doctor Strange VI#4, p9, pan4 (Hong Kong Jiangshi, body shots)


Appearances:
Marvel Comics Presents I#139/3-140/3 (mid to late October, 1993) - Len Kaminski (writer), Reggie Jones (pencils), Fred Harper (inks), Richard Ashford (editor)
Marvel Comics Presents I#141/3-142/3 (early to late November, 1993) - Len Kaminski (writer), Reggie Jones (pencils), Fred Harper (inks), Richard Ashford (editor)
ClanDestine II#2 (March, 2008) - Alan Davis (writer/pencils), Mark Farmer (inks), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Immortal Iron Fists#4 (November, 2017) - Kaare Andrews (writer), Afu Chan (artist), Jake Thomas (editor)
Shang-Chi I#2 (December, 2020) - Gene Luen Yang (writer), Dike Ruan (artist), Darren Shan (editor)
Shang-Chi I#3-5 (January-March, 2021) - Gene Luen Yang (writer), Dike Ruan & Philip Tan (artists), Darren Shan (editor)
Death of Doctor Strange: Spider-Man#1 (February, 2022) - Jed MacKay (writer), Marcelo Ferreira (pencils), Wayne Faucher (inks), Nick Lowe (editor)
Moon Knight IX#17-18 (January-February, 2023) - Jed MacKay (writer), Alessandro Cappuccio (artist), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Doctor Strange VI#4 (August, 2023) - Jed MacKay (writer), Andy MacDonald (artist), Darren Shan (editor)


First Posted: 12/08/2025
Last updated: 12/11/2025

Any Additions/Corrections? please let me know.

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